Various Aspects Of Physics

Zero Point Energy is defined as the lowest possible energy in a quantum system. Albert Einstein and Otto Stern first proposed it in 1913. It is believed that all quantum systems contain
zero point energy, or Nullpunktsenergie as it is known in German. Zero point is based on Planck’s constant. Using this, Einstein and Stern published a paper declaring that there is still
residual energy left over even when a system reaches absolute zero. Because this zero point energy exists even when all other energy is removed from the system, it is impossible for the
zero point energy to be taken out. This energy has been perceived as “free energy”, drawing the attention of many people interested in harnessing this energy for new inventions.
If zero point energy exists, then it must have a gravitational field. This poses an interesting scenario, as the amount of zero point in space is nearly infinitely large, so large that it could warp
the fabric of space and time. How could something which is so small, effect something on such a large scale? In any event, if zero point energy exists, then it would be invaluable in no methods
of propulsion and levitation.
Turbulence is defined as the disrupt of laminar flow. One type of turbulence is wake turbulence, which occurs when a wing shaped object is flying or moving through a liquid. An example of wake
turbulence is a submarine traveling through water or an airplane flying. A special circumstance of turbulence, which occurs with airplanes, is called a tip vortex. A tip vortex occurs at the very tip of
a wing as the air circulates around it because of the lift generated by the wings. This phenomenon explains why airplanes leave behind thing clouds as they fly.
A determining factor in Turbulence is Reynolds’s number. Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces to viscous forces, and can only be determined experimentally. If the Reynolds number of an
object is below 2100, it is considered laminar whereas if the number is 4000 or greater, it is turbulent.
The reduction of Reynolds’s number, and consequently turbulence, would be less drag. This would allow airplanes to travel much faster and with greater fuel efficiency, revolutionizing air travel.

Cataclysmic star systems are systems of two stars that orbit around each other and are bound by gravity. This is known as binary star system. In one of these systems, the brightest star is known
and the primary star while the other star is known as the secondary star. In a binary system, the stars will occasionally share a Roche lobe. A Roche lobe is the area of a star where the material is
bound to the star through gravity. There are several types of binary systems. A detached binary system is when there is no physical connection between both of the stars and they re both
spherically shaped, unless one of them is rotating unusually fast. The next type is semi-detached binary where one star has a full Roche lobe and slightly resembles an egg, and as a result
of the filled lobe, it begins to have some of its matter pulled away by the other star. The final type of binary system is a cintact binary system, where the two stars have full Roche lobes and
are either in contact or extremely close.

Star destruction is a phenomenon when huge stars cannot fuel themselves anymore, causing implosion, and massive amounts of energy to be released into space. The stars begin as white or
brown dwarfs, and then expand into super and hyper giants. Once there is not enough helium and hydrogen to fuel their expansion, they implode resulting in explosions large enough to destroy
our entire solar system. The scale at which these happen is nearly immeasurable and the destructive power they have is absurd. Because stars expand as they grow old, they begin to burn more
helium and hydrogen. As this happens, the core of the star begins to come in contact with the outer layers of the star. As this happens, the outer layer and thus the star cools and becomes less
bright. Depending on the initial mass of the star, it will then become a red giant or a red super giant. Thus, a star’s life span is determined by its original mass.